Hello Erick,
i think that easiest way to do this in your case is using the content data source (solution 1) to which you can apply filtering by category, take care that inside the data source settings you find exclusions filter for categories.
If you want to have different sitemaps you can also choose to use a different 'content' data source.
Under the component configuration you find a parameter to enable the duplication of the 'content' data source (see image). Thus you can duplicate it in the data sources list, apply filters by category as you need and use it only for the module navigation selecting it under module settings.
Greetings,
John